A prolonged menstrual period, medically known as menorrhagia, is characterized by heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding that lasts longer than seven days. This condition can be disruptive and may lead to anaemia or other health issues if not addressed. Here are some potential causes of prolonged menstrual periods:
- Hormonal Imbalance: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly oestrogen and progesterone, can disrupt the normal menstrual cycle and lead to prolonged or heavy bleeding. Hormonal imbalances can occur due to factors such as puberty, perimenopause, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, or medications like hormonal contraceptives.
- Uterine Fibroids: Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in the wall of the uterus. Large fibroids or fibroids located near the uterine lining can cause heavy menstrual bleeding and prolonged periods.
- Adenomyosis: Adenomyosis occurs when the tissue that lines the uterus begins to grow into the muscular wall of the uterus. This can cause heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, as well as pelvic pain and cramping.
- Endometrial Polyps: Endometrial polyps are growths that develop in the lining of the uterus. While usually benign, they can cause heavy or irregular bleeding, including prolonged periods.
- Endometrial Hyperplasia: Endometrial hyperplasia refers to the abnormal thickening of the uterine lining, which can lead to heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. In some cases, endometrial hyperplasia can progress to endometrial cancer.
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria. In addition to causing pelvic pain and discomfort, PID can lead to abnormal uterine bleeding and prolonged periods.
- Blood Disorders: Certain blood disorders, such as von Willebrand disease or platelet function disorders, can impair blood clotting and lead to heavy menstrual bleeding and prolonged periods.
- Miscarriage or Ectopic Pregnancy: Prolonged bleeding can occur as a result of complications like miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy, which require immediate medical attention.
If you are experiencing prolonged menstrual periods, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider for evaluation and appropriate management. Treatment will depend on the underlying cause and may include medication, hormonal therapy, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery. Managing any underlying health conditions and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce the risk of complications associated with prolonged periods.