Non-specific urethritis (NSU) in women refers to inflammation of the urethra that is not caused by a specific bacterial or viral infection. Unlike in men, where NSU is often associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia or gonorrhea, the causes of NSU in women can be more varied and sometimes unclear. For example such as ureaplasma species and mycoplasma species.
Possible causes of NSU in women include:
- Non-infectious causes: Irritation from soaps, spermicides, feminine hygiene products, or certain fabrics can lead to urethral inflammation.
- Sexual activity: Intercourse, especially with inadequate lubrication or rough handling, can cause irritation and inflammation of the urethra.
- Anatomical factors: Women with certain anatomical features, such as a short urethra or urethral opening close to the vagina or anus, may be more prone to urethral irritation and inflammation.
- Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as those that occur during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, can affect the health of the urethral tissues.
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs): While NSU is distinct from UTIs, the symptoms can sometimes overlap, and NSU may occur alongside or following a UTI.
- Allergic reactions: Some women may have allergic reactions to certain substances that come into contact with the genital area, leading to urethral inflammation.
- Other medical conditions: Conditions such as interstitial cystitis or urethral syndrome can cause chronic inflammation of the urethra.
Because NSU in women can have various causes, diagnosis and treatment may require a thorough evaluation by a healthcare provider. Treatment typically involves addressing any underlying causes, such as avoiding irritants, practicing good genital hygiene, and sometimes using medications to alleviate symptoms. If an infectious cause is suspected, testing for STIs and other pathogens may be necessary to guide appropriate treatment.